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The alcohol hangover: a public health problem of poorly researched

The lack of scientific interest in research on alcohol is dangerous surf. To most people consumed alcohol once they are familiar with the unpleasant effects of the hangover that may occur the day after a night of partying and how these symptoms may affect the development of activities the day after drinking .

The alcohol hangover involves a constellation of unpleasant sensations such as numbness, nausea and decreased sensation of alertness, which can result in widespread misery day after a night of drinking. Although the alcoholic hangover has serious economic consequences in terms of absenteeism and poor job performance, research is limited. In addition, current knowledge about the specific causes of alcohol hangover is insufficient to devise an appropriate treatment. So far, the best remedy to prevent hangovers is to reduce alcohol consumption. Cognitive and psychomotor responses may be significantly affected during hangover. It is shown that the response of long-term memory is decreased significantly, while the short-term memory and recognition ability were not affected.

The causes remain unknown alcoholic hangover. If it is thought that the effects of ethanol and its metabolites derived (especially acetaldehyde) and congeners, dehydration, sleep disorders and the physiological, endocrine and psychological factors play an important role in producing hangover symptoms .

binge drinkers are 21 times more likely than non-compulsive to do damages, not performing on the job, failure to meet student duties, damaging private property, damage or injury, being involved in unplanned sexual activity, not using protection during sex, among others. The impact on the lives of others surrounding binge drinkers is evident, since among other things, suffer from disturbed sleep, they should pay for someone intoxicated, are humiliated or insulted, have serious discussions, participating in fights or less frequent They are victims of sexual assault.

So far, the effects of a hangover in the driver's ability to remain uncertain. However, during the backwash is significantly reduced alertness and numerous adverse effects.

are few studies investigating possible treatments to relieve hangover symptoms and prevention methods to avoid them. Moreover, cognitive and psychomotor performance can be significantly decreased during the hangover. Currently, the only appropriate treatment to prevent the onset of a hangover is to reduce the consumption of alcohol. Cheers

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Fractals, Geometry of the Universe

A fractal is an object that exhibits self-similarity (recursion, in mathematical terms) at any scale . That is, if you look at a portion any of a fractal object, we note that this section is to replicate on a smaller scale of the figure.

The universe is made of fractals, from galaxies to bacteria ... even our brains!, See this link to be convinced.

Although his "discovery" math took place in 1872, their representation is very old. Already in the Renaissance fractal patterns were used in stained glass, architecture, painting, etc. Then they "went out of fashion" to be resurrected in the 60's through the psychedelic art.

The term was proposed by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975.

Except I doubt that Renaissance artists who have used such forms have had formal training in mathematics, which shows that despite its complexity, the human mind has always sensed its existence.

Fractals are everywhere, even without us noticing. Examples include clouds, mountains, turbulence, coastlines and trees. Even when formally admitted as fractal mathematics to that body only:

• detail has arbitrarily large or small scales.
• is too irregular to be described in traditional geometric terms
• have exact self-similarity or statistical
• is defined recursively.

Fractals figures are not only beautiful but also serve to describe behaviors, such as data traffic over the Internet is fractal. Indeed

birth of stars can be seen as fractal systems (chaos theory), where a small interaction is replicated millions of times and each one of those, in turn continues to replicate ..... and so on. It could infer that the universe is a very complex, huge and elusive fractal.

More information:

• Wikipedia
  
• Gallery Fractal 1
• Fractals Gallery 2

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Radioimmunotherapy: what comes

all know that to cure or improve cancer have 3 options:
- Surgery
-
Chemotherapy - Radiotherapy

Surgery is recommended in cases of cancer in situ (ie, not broken basement membrane tissue), but usually then supplemented with radiation or chemotherapy to eliminate cancer cells that may have escaped surgery.
Chemotherapy is injected into the body inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis (Usually), to inhibit DNA synthesis in cells replicate faster in this case the neoplastic cells (cancer). Radiotherapy occupies the same principle, but applying ionizing radiation causes DNA damage of tumor cells, and so ihnibir transcription and replication.

All this would be optimal if they had so many side effects. Chemotherapy with radiation therapy in general cause leucopenia (low white blood cells), anemia, vomiting, etc. In short, do not know if the cure is worse than the disease.

have therefore been sought different ways to fight cancer either in situ or with metastases. This is the promise of radioimmunotherapy.

Broadly speaking, radioimmunotherapy is a merger between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. It involves injecting monoclonal antibodies (MAB, Monoclonal Antibodies of ) labeled with a radioactive compound (as the Y 90 or I 131), which kill cancer cells for several targets.

in radioimmunotherapy Research has focused primarily on the treatment of NHL B cells (NHL, of non-Hodgkin's limphomas ). These lymphomas have an overexpression of CD20 molecule the cell membrane molecule expressed on developing B cells normally. Studies suggest that this molecule would induce apoptosis (programmed cell typical samples) in B lymphocytes, so that treatment with radioactive MAB against this cancer in particular, have the following effects:
- Death by induction of apoptosis of cancer cells NHL activation molecule CD20.
- Death by DNA damage produced by radiation brings the MAB.
- Death by phagocytosis, and antibodies to remember that our body normally opsonize to pathogens for subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages (to explain it to macrophages bacteria like cream, not without cream, "cream" are antibodies.
- Death by ADCC (antibody-dependent cytotoxicity). This is because in our immune systems have cells called NK cells (natural killer , natural killer) that they possess a membrane receptor antibodies. When contacted with an antibody, release substances into the cell opsonized with antibodies, which induce apoptosis.

As shown, radioimmunotherapy promises to be a complete weapon cancer treatment. Here I tried to give an overview about it.

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beliefs, fears and attitudes among donors and blood donors not

Many

refrain from donating blood in hospitals and clinics for beliefs, lack of knowledge or other factors associated with this act of life. Maybe this phenomenon may be associated to a misinterpretation of the information, or by small amount of it.

Consider that there are 4 things that motivate people to donate blood: 1) as usual, the grant of replacement, coerced by the need for a family member or friend, or a requirement to enter / exit a room hospital, 2) blood donation campaigns, looking to move the feeling of solidarity among the population, 3) responses to mass tragedies, and 4) donors for autotransfusion, only applicable in some surgeries.

Now, what are the beliefs most frequently detected in our reality? An important part of the population believes that by donating blood fat, thin, weakened, it can be infected with the AIDS virus, infectious diseases, among others, made absolutely false, especially the exposure, because we must take into that the material used for the donation is sterile and disposable.

People also have concerns regarding the donation, and the pain of the needle (for the connoisseurs, the needle size 16G), pain during extraction, and fears of religious origin.

Now, it is important to know that, from a unit of blood (450 cc (approximately equivalent to between 10 to 12% of total blood)) can be obtained from different components, which also benefit different patients, that the body is able to replenish the donated blood volume, which can donate up to 3 times a year, among other things.

Ignorance of the donation process and the work of Blood Banks, combined with the increased incidence of diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis, and deployment of these updates by different mass media have been the main causes that have the effect of false beliefs, fears and negative attitudes towards blood donation.

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THE OPEN DOOR ...

So ... given d ealgunos email asking as add, is that we extend the invitation to all professionals, students, to health and science or are interested in the topic and wish to participate in this blog, send us an email to issue invitations. Thanks

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Sleep and insomnia Antimatter

ever in our lives we have presented disorders to bedtime, either, because we do too much or the other extreme, we can not reconcile.

The sleep period is very variable, as it depends on each one of the people. Some require no more than four hours of sleep per day, while others need more sleep than ten. The average adult needs 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night.

But usually children and elderly have different sleep patterns. Usually children sleep or should sleep a minimum of 14 hours a day and do not reach the adult pattern until approximately 12 years of age. Later on, sleep tends to shorten, and most elderly wake up earlier in the morning.

dream Guidelines

The brain does not rest completely during sleep. Is maintained electrical activity can be measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG). Sleep is divided into two distinct phases known as REM (for rapid eye movement - Rapid eye movement-) and non-REM. During each night are, on average, four to five REM periods (during which we dream). However, non-REM time is approximately 80% of total sleep.

Why sleep

Sleep gives the body rest and recovery. Both the brain and the body's metabolic processes require periods regular rest to recover. Growth hormone is released during sleep to renew the tissues and bone cells and blood lead

Insomnia

is the inability to sleep. The inability to sleep can take different forms. Who suffer from it may have difficulty falling asleep, waking frequently during the night or stay awake for long periods of time.

These abnormal sleep patterns may have different causes. May be due to stress or concerns and be motivated by medical or psychological problems more serious, such as depression.

Insomnia Causes

There are many factors that can cause insomnio.Algunos causes the sleep disorder are concerns, excessive consumption of caffeine, stop using tranquilizers or drink alcohol. There are other more serious factors, like depression or other illnesses that can also affect sleep. Call your doctor if self-employed methods do not work or there is this problem for a long time.

Caffeine
As a stimulant, caffeine can keep you awake.

Syndrome zone change
The time zone change during travel can affect the sleep pattern.

background noise
Insomnia may be due simply to a disturbing background noise, like the snoring of your partner

As insomnia

Before you ask the doctor pills to sleep, there are quite a number of things you can do to combat insomnia:

consumeo
• Reduce your tea, coffee and alcohol.
• not eat too much at night.
• Take a milk-based drink hot little before going to bed. Practice
• exercise during the day.
• your room temperature is not too high or too low.
• Get earplugs if there is too much background noise.
• Sleep on a comfortable mattress.
• always get up at the same time.
• Avoid midday siesta.
• Try to stop worrying about not being able to sleep

IF all this fails, it is best to go see a doctor and recommend a better treatment.

COMPLETE GUIDE TO ALL THE FAMILY HEALTH

DR. STEPHEN SMITH CARROLL-DR.TONY - DR. ANDRES ART.

photo: wwwelmundo-es.com

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As the word implies, is the opposite of matter. In other words, a particle mass equal to one particle of matter, but opposite to it on both properties as electric charge. Then, in an atom of antimatter, we find instead of protons (positively charged) antiprotons (negatively charged), and instead of electrons (negatively charged), antielectrons or positrons (positively charged).

The interesting thing is that when a matter particle collides or comes into contact with antimatter, they take each other out, producing a large release of energy, a process called "annihilation" and that would be the transformation of matter into energy.

But is there really? If matter and antimatter are equivalent in all respects, except their opposition electromagnetic any force that would create a result from the other., And the universe should be composed of equal amounts of both. According to cosmological theories, in the universe there are equal amounts of matter and antimatter, confined in different regions. However, the meeting points will produce great phenomena of annihilation. Another theory says that matter and antimatter exist in equal amounts, but with a slight excess of the first, suggesting that the antimatter would have been totally destroyed by annihilation, and the present universe would consist of the remaining material.

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Because it makes us mourn the onion

has many people love to eat onions, but they do not, because someone must be cut, or not?, But evil is having to endure tearing, etc. smell. Besides the bad smell left in the hands and breath. But the big question is why make us mourn?

Onions contain a molecule that is odorless and follows the curious name of trans-(+)-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine \u200b\u200bsulfoxide . When you slice the onion, produces cell disruption that allow an enzyme called alliinase contact the trans-(+)-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine \u200b\u200bsulfoxide . This generates pyruvate, ammonia and syn-propanethial -S-oxide. The last molecule is responsible for eye irritation and tearing. In a few words to make us mourn inconsolably.

Figure 1. Reaction catalyzed by the alliinase

It is not clear why this is propanethial tear, but believed to be due to contact with water decomposes: popanal, sufúrico acid and hydrogen sulfide (Fig. 2). Sulfuric acid is possibly a very strong acid, which damages the membrane producing conjunctival tearing.

Figure 2. Propanethial decomposition.

If you cut under water, unless you crying?

The truth is that if you cut the onion under cold water unless you cry and this is because the propanethial is soluble in water and it helps that this substance is broken.
1. Helps eliminate propanethial because it is soluble in water ..
2. Propanethial helps the break with the wash water.

Bad breath

If you must leave or have an important meeting at work or with your partner, it is not advisable to consume this food.
Hydrogen sulfide produced in the above reaction rotten eggs, but not the only substance in onions that causes odor. Other sulfur products, such as dipropildisulfuro or alilpropildisulfuro , who also collaborate destroy your super breath.

Figure 3. Two guilty of the foul odor produced by eating onions.

Hands onion Past

soap, dish soap, it is very difficult to remove the smell, which is better, is water with a little lemon juice parsley or cilantro or wet scrubbing by hand, so it's easier for the bad smell is removed faster.
But after all the onion is not as bad, also attributed to him, positive things and good input health.
Sources:

Education in Chemistry. September 1999. http://www.uv.es/ ~ jaguilar / curioso.cebollas.htm

http://www.familia.cl/ContenedorTmp/La_cebolla/cebolla.htm

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VIRGIN CRYING WHEN THE BLOOD

Like almost everything in life has an explanation, I wanted to tell the scientific explanation is the fact that they have seen many cases in the world, when the tables and now finally some pictures plaster cry.

Well, leaving sides some blatant cheating people human blood added to these images, for which could have some trials, but not the issue. In some cases, red liquid, which appears to be blood, but it is not so, and here I want to stop, this fluid is a pigment produced by a particular bacteria called Serratia marcescens , Serratia bacteria also rubidea , reported the production of pigment. Speaking

pigment, these different chemicals derived carotenoids, such as pyrroles and other prodigiosita.

The genus Serratia , is an opportunist who has been recognized as a human pathogen only from the 60's. Before, with the assumption that the organism was not pathogenic, the red pigment found in some strains of microorganisms became attractive as markers to study some important issues involving bacterial transmission.

The epidemiology of Serratia is something different from other Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteric, bacteria are so called by that infect the gastrointestinal tract), as it seems less likely to Serratia colonize the gastrointestinal tract , but is more likely to colonize the respiratory and urinary hospitalized adults. Among hospital-acquired infections have been found Serratia produces about 4% of bacteremias and lower respiratory tract infections and 2% of urinary tract infections, surgical wounds and skin infections. Besides the importance as opportunistic hospital specifically has been associated with infections in heroin addicts. In a study in the 70's, it was reported that Serratia was isolated in 14% of endocarditis associated with drug addicts in San Francisco. Most cases of hospital acquired associated with intravenous catheters, urinary catheters and intraperitoneal or the instrumentation of the urinary and respiratory tracts.

antibiotic treatment of infections with Serratia is complicated by the high frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance observed in these bacteria.

Well, the thing is, old buildings where the birds came, the fecal pigeon, fell into the ceiling, then walls, well the birds and their fecal contain many (might be surprised by the many) parasites and bacteria. Then some of them had this bacteria, then over several factors, including some exposure to light, moisture, nutrients, bacteria grew and began producing the characteristic red pigment, this pigment does not dissolve, so to collect a certain amount, contact the wall dyed, having a picture on the other hand, saw clearly what people was that the painting, the paintings was crying, in some cases, these paintings were religious motifs which gave a whole connotation with miracles and faith, the case of plaster images, is very similar, these images were mostly empty, the bacteria came in contact (which are mobile) and then looking for where "out" to remove the pigment.

know, an explanation scientific understanding of how people sometimes see "mourn blood."

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stress and disease SIIMPLIFICANDO

The strés as one of most common diseases and up today, because the competitive world in which we live, but stress has consequences and without excess stress increases the risk of disease or injury.

is almost impossible to avoid situations with stress, and believe it or not stress is an essential element of life. Kept under control, you can improve your performance and efficiency, in addition, stay alert and safe.

However, the period prolonged intense stress, or several minor causes of stress are not good for health.

body's reaction to stress

Our body has a physiological response to stress, hormonal secretions experienced "abnormal" that our body is usually activated in time in situations of danger or threat:

- are mobilizing the body's defenses

- Increased heart rate

- The spleen contracts, releasing large numbers of red blood cells.

- blood is redistributed sites leaving less "important" as skin or viscera to concentrate on "action zones" (muscles, brain and heart).

-Increases breathing capacity.

- pupils are dilated

-Increases the blood clotting

-Increases the number of lymphocytes, which are the defense cells

In a stress situation occurs psychosomatic reaction characterized by the presence of a state of excessive tension, which mix a physical and mental fatigue that can lead to exhaustion even

Cartel investigations have shown that people subjected to increasing amounts of stress are becoming more susceptible to suffer physical illness and disorders.

Hair

Some types of baldness have been directly Consort with high levels of stress.

Boca

Individuals who are low physical fitness consequences of excessive stress often develop mouth ulcers.

Brain

Many mental and emotional disorders can be induced by stress. In extreme cases, too prolonged stress may cause the so-called nervous breakdown, in which people are not capable of facing even the most basic everyday problems.

Muscles

When an individual remains under undue stress suffered more pulled muscles and nervous tics will accentuate.

Heart

Stress can increase blood pressure which in turn increases the risk of heart attack. However, the tension is not the only nor the most important cause of high blood pressure. Other factors such as genes, diet and exercise play a role.

Skin

During periods of excessive stress, there may be sudden bouts of eczema or psoriasis.

Lung

Some people with asthma are aggravated his condition during periods of suffering emotional problems.

Immune System

A prolonged stress can weaken the immune system. Those affected are more prone to minor infections such as colds and boils.

Reproductive Organs

Stress can cause different types of menstrual disorders. May even disappear during the period (amenorrhea). In man, stress is the most common cause of impotence and premature ejaculation.

Digestive

has been shown that stress causes or exacerbates many diseases of the digestive tract, including gastritis, gastric ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome and colitis.

Bladder

For many women and some men, an irritable bladder is the automatic response to different stress situations.

Excessive stress puts your body in a position of emotional distress. This agitation can affect a number of organs and body systems, and in some cases, cause various types of disease.

SOME PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS

a common problem

is believed that at least 60% of doctor visits are directly related to stress. Many factors can cause these symptoms, but economic concerns and labor are the most economic and labor concerns are the most common.

Given the increase in the number of women working, the number of men and women who show symptoms caused by stress due to work pressures is practically equivalent.

The Influence of Personality on Health.

is stress affects sanquinea pressure but failed to prove your ability to handle stress affects the risk of a heart attack. It has been argued that the aggressive types (type A) are more likely to suffer heart attacks than the relaxed type (type B0. However, today it is considered that smoking and type of diet exert a greater influence on your health.

Type A Personality

People who are highly competitive, which find it difficult to delegate work and has few interests outside of work are more susceptible stress.

Personality Type B

People who have an ability to relax easily and are not too competitive show less tendency to develop stress-related problems

The Mint condition can affect people's health. In addition it is also important to have a diet, varied, healthy and balanced.

Finally although it is impossible to completely avoid stress can improve your ability to live with.

Sources:

* Complete Health Guide for the whole family

Print Edition.

Dr. Steohen Carroll - Dr. Tony Smith - Dr. Andrés Prat.

* www.uv.es

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v.1.0

sometimes do not understand the medical language, it's like to speak in Aramaic or whatnot. What is the idea to simplify some terms, something like "tell it like it is" ... questions or more terms in version 2.0 ... Headache

: A simple headache ...
Epistaxis: Blood noses ...
Cellulite: subcutaneous tissue inflammation ...
Melena: pasty stools black, bright and offensive to bleeding of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum ...
Pujo: iterative craving to act ...
tenesmus, defecation painful sensation ...
Bruxism: Grinding of teeth ...
Pica: Compulsion ingest unusual, are not usually food (eg land, ice, etc. .)...
Odynophagia: pain that occurs during swallowing; gralmente. is pharyngeal, but may be esophageal ...
Anasarca: generalized body edema ...
Edema: excessive accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues or serous cavities of the body ...

is hoped that it was a small contribution to the clarification of some palabrillas. Soon more words in the v.2.0 ...