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Radioimmunotherapy: what comes

all know that to cure or improve cancer have 3 options:
- Surgery
-
Chemotherapy - Radiotherapy

Surgery is recommended in cases of cancer in situ (ie, not broken basement membrane tissue), but usually then supplemented with radiation or chemotherapy to eliminate cancer cells that may have escaped surgery.
Chemotherapy is injected into the body inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis (Usually), to inhibit DNA synthesis in cells replicate faster in this case the neoplastic cells (cancer). Radiotherapy occupies the same principle, but applying ionizing radiation causes DNA damage of tumor cells, and so ihnibir transcription and replication.

All this would be optimal if they had so many side effects. Chemotherapy with radiation therapy in general cause leucopenia (low white blood cells), anemia, vomiting, etc. In short, do not know if the cure is worse than the disease.

have therefore been sought different ways to fight cancer either in situ or with metastases. This is the promise of radioimmunotherapy.

Broadly speaking, radioimmunotherapy is a merger between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. It involves injecting monoclonal antibodies (MAB, Monoclonal Antibodies of ) labeled with a radioactive compound (as the Y 90 or I 131), which kill cancer cells for several targets.

in radioimmunotherapy Research has focused primarily on the treatment of NHL B cells (NHL, of non-Hodgkin's limphomas ). These lymphomas have an overexpression of CD20 molecule the cell membrane molecule expressed on developing B cells normally. Studies suggest that this molecule would induce apoptosis (programmed cell typical samples) in B lymphocytes, so that treatment with radioactive MAB against this cancer in particular, have the following effects:
- Death by induction of apoptosis of cancer cells NHL activation molecule CD20.
- Death by DNA damage produced by radiation brings the MAB.
- Death by phagocytosis, and antibodies to remember that our body normally opsonize to pathogens for subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages (to explain it to macrophages bacteria like cream, not without cream, "cream" are antibodies.
- Death by ADCC (antibody-dependent cytotoxicity). This is because in our immune systems have cells called NK cells (natural killer , natural killer) that they possess a membrane receptor antibodies. When contacted with an antibody, release substances into the cell opsonized with antibodies, which induce apoptosis.

As shown, radioimmunotherapy promises to be a complete weapon cancer treatment. Here I tried to give an overview about it.

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beliefs, fears and attitudes among donors and blood donors not

Many

refrain from donating blood in hospitals and clinics for beliefs, lack of knowledge or other factors associated with this act of life. Maybe this phenomenon may be associated to a misinterpretation of the information, or by small amount of it.

Consider that there are 4 things that motivate people to donate blood: 1) as usual, the grant of replacement, coerced by the need for a family member or friend, or a requirement to enter / exit a room hospital, 2) blood donation campaigns, looking to move the feeling of solidarity among the population, 3) responses to mass tragedies, and 4) donors for autotransfusion, only applicable in some surgeries.

Now, what are the beliefs most frequently detected in our reality? An important part of the population believes that by donating blood fat, thin, weakened, it can be infected with the AIDS virus, infectious diseases, among others, made absolutely false, especially the exposure, because we must take into that the material used for the donation is sterile and disposable.

People also have concerns regarding the donation, and the pain of the needle (for the connoisseurs, the needle size 16G), pain during extraction, and fears of religious origin.

Now, it is important to know that, from a unit of blood (450 cc (approximately equivalent to between 10 to 12% of total blood)) can be obtained from different components, which also benefit different patients, that the body is able to replenish the donated blood volume, which can donate up to 3 times a year, among other things.

Ignorance of the donation process and the work of Blood Banks, combined with the increased incidence of diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis, and deployment of these updates by different mass media have been the main causes that have the effect of false beliefs, fears and negative attitudes towards blood donation.

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THE OPEN DOOR ...

So ... given d ealgunos email asking as add, is that we extend the invitation to all professionals, students, to health and science or are interested in the topic and wish to participate in this blog, send us an email to issue invitations. Thanks

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Sleep and insomnia Antimatter

ever in our lives we have presented disorders to bedtime, either, because we do too much or the other extreme, we can not reconcile.

The sleep period is very variable, as it depends on each one of the people. Some require no more than four hours of sleep per day, while others need more sleep than ten. The average adult needs 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night.

But usually children and elderly have different sleep patterns. Usually children sleep or should sleep a minimum of 14 hours a day and do not reach the adult pattern until approximately 12 years of age. Later on, sleep tends to shorten, and most elderly wake up earlier in the morning.

dream Guidelines

The brain does not rest completely during sleep. Is maintained electrical activity can be measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG). Sleep is divided into two distinct phases known as REM (for rapid eye movement - Rapid eye movement-) and non-REM. During each night are, on average, four to five REM periods (during which we dream). However, non-REM time is approximately 80% of total sleep.

Why sleep

Sleep gives the body rest and recovery. Both the brain and the body's metabolic processes require periods regular rest to recover. Growth hormone is released during sleep to renew the tissues and bone cells and blood lead

Insomnia

is the inability to sleep. The inability to sleep can take different forms. Who suffer from it may have difficulty falling asleep, waking frequently during the night or stay awake for long periods of time.

These abnormal sleep patterns may have different causes. May be due to stress or concerns and be motivated by medical or psychological problems more serious, such as depression.

Insomnia Causes

There are many factors that can cause insomnio.Algunos causes the sleep disorder are concerns, excessive consumption of caffeine, stop using tranquilizers or drink alcohol. There are other more serious factors, like depression or other illnesses that can also affect sleep. Call your doctor if self-employed methods do not work or there is this problem for a long time.

Caffeine
As a stimulant, caffeine can keep you awake.

Syndrome zone change
The time zone change during travel can affect the sleep pattern.

background noise
Insomnia may be due simply to a disturbing background noise, like the snoring of your partner

As insomnia

Before you ask the doctor pills to sleep, there are quite a number of things you can do to combat insomnia:

consumeo
• Reduce your tea, coffee and alcohol.
• not eat too much at night.
• Take a milk-based drink hot little before going to bed. Practice
• exercise during the day.
• your room temperature is not too high or too low.
• Get earplugs if there is too much background noise.
• Sleep on a comfortable mattress.
• always get up at the same time.
• Avoid midday siesta.
• Try to stop worrying about not being able to sleep

IF all this fails, it is best to go see a doctor and recommend a better treatment.

COMPLETE GUIDE TO ALL THE FAMILY HEALTH

DR. STEPHEN SMITH CARROLL-DR.TONY - DR. ANDRES ART.

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