A criminal act
Monte Artxanda
Bilbao
http://www.cartoradiations.fr/
Friday, April 29, 2011
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Communication Devices For The Deaf
telefonia.Bilbao IU antennas presented in the Congress a proposal for EMF
IU
Izquierda Unida has been a motion Bill in Congress on health protection against exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), which urges the Government to recognize new diseases from exposure to such fields for discussion in plenary of the House low. IU
deputy Gaspar Llamazares has been commissioned to record the initiative, which was seen by Europa Press, which also requests the Executive to establish electromagnetic maps of cities, and regular radio links, radar frequencies highly dangerous, and replace them with fiber optics in urban areas.
fact, wants the government to establish a reliable system of public control independent of radio emission levels on the location of antennas and telecommunications infrastructure in residential areas, educational and hospital. MORE
Among other things, presents the Government with legal recognition electrohipersensibilidad as disease causing disability, with the corresponding health protocol for diagnosis and treatment.
So, want to regulate the use of mobile phones, WiFi networks and other wireless technologies by minors, as well as public transportation and public facilities, in addition to developing a code of good practice and develop specific campaigns against mobile phone abuse aimed at adolescent and adult population, with recommendations for use and labeling in low-emission mobile.
also wants to force companies to have insurance and criminal liability limit or guaranteed by the State for damages, and establish a specific reserve land for all types of infrastructure and facilities emitting EMF. Promote
wired systems sanitary and safer alternative to the generalized radiation wireless Wi-Fi or WiMAX is among one of his proposals to the Government. REGULATORY CHANGES
On the other hand, recognizes that state law does not guarantee the protection of health or the environment, primarily because, with regard to the very high frequencies, not the authorities who have control of the airwaves, but the mobile operators themselves.
In the past ten years, said that wireless technologies have experienced "exponential growth" that has led to the "proliferation chaotic" mobile phone networks and other wireless telecommunications infrastructure, resulting in significant increase in electromagnetic pollution social perceptions of risk associated with these facilities.
"With this initiative, our country is to initiate a process of protecting the health of the population from exposure to electromagnetic fields of high and low frequency. The state legislature has not solved the social, environmental and health mobile networks ", wields Izquierda Unida.
therefore considers "necessary" law that explicitly recognize the existence of a health risk or electropollution electromagnetic pollution, and regulations governing values, distances and measures of protection. 
IU
Government urges the Congress to recognize new diseases from exposure to electromagnetic fields
MADRID, 23 Abr. (IRIN) -
Izquierda Unida has been a motion Bill in Congress on health protection against exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), which urges the Government to recognize new diseases from exposure to such fields for discussion in plenary of the House low. IU
deputy Gaspar Llamazares has been commissioned to record the initiative, which was seen by Europa Press, which also requests the Executive to establish electromagnetic maps of cities, and regular radio links, radar frequencies highly dangerous, and replace them with fiber optics in urban areas.
fact, wants the government to establish a reliable system of public control independent of radio emission levels on the location of antennas and telecommunications infrastructure in residential areas, educational and hospital. MORE
POPULATION STUDIES
addition to promoting and funding the epidemiological studies and research scientists tested by independent experts on residential populations that have been exposed continuously, with the participation of citizens and organizations of people affected .Among other things, presents the Government with legal recognition electrohipersensibilidad as disease causing disability, with the corresponding health protocol for diagnosis and treatment.
So, want to regulate the use of mobile phones, WiFi networks and other wireless technologies by minors, as well as public transportation and public facilities, in addition to developing a code of good practice and develop specific campaigns against mobile phone abuse aimed at adolescent and adult population, with recommendations for use and labeling in low-emission mobile.
also wants to force companies to have insurance and criminal liability limit or guaranteed by the State for damages, and establish a specific reserve land for all types of infrastructure and facilities emitting EMF. Promote
wired systems sanitary and safer alternative to the generalized radiation wireless Wi-Fi or WiMAX is among one of his proposals to the Government. REGULATORY CHANGES
In the preamble to the initiative, which had access to Europa Press, IU argues that policy changes are extra MPs are eliminated by the requirements to be met by the operators to install certain base stations, which is, in his opinion, a violation of the minimum guarantees established control.
On the other hand, recognizes that state law does not guarantee the protection of health or the environment, primarily because, with regard to the very high frequencies, not the authorities who have control of the airwaves, but the mobile operators themselves.
In the past ten years, said that wireless technologies have experienced "exponential growth" that has led to the "proliferation chaotic" mobile phone networks and other wireless telecommunications infrastructure, resulting in significant increase in electromagnetic pollution social perceptions of risk associated with these facilities.
"With this initiative, our country is to initiate a process of protecting the health of the population from exposure to electromagnetic fields of high and low frequency. The state legislature has not solved the social, environmental and health mobile networks ", wields Izquierda Unida.
therefore considers "necessary" law that explicitly recognize the existence of a health risk or electropollution electromagnetic pollution, and regulations governing values, distances and measures of protection.
Sunday, April 24, 2011
Shikakai Brahmi Amla Oil
Create habits to reduce electromagnetic radiation
Create habits to reduce electromagnetic radiation
Asier Arregi expert gave a talk at Ibarraundi. There are electromagnetic fields around the metal elements, ovens, refrigerators ...
(blog.'s Note-The text of the news in the paper has been corrected himself Arregi Asier whom I thank from here. Clicking on the headline link can see the changes from he published the journalist) .
The subject of electromagnetism and health increasingly concerned about the users of many electric appliances in homes. Not only that, there are many elements in the streets that produce these waves. 
Create habits to reduce electromagnetic radiation
Asier Arregi expert gave a talk at Ibarraundi. There are electromagnetic fields around the metal elements, ovens, refrigerators ...
(blog.'s Note-The text of the news in the paper has been corrected himself Arregi Asier whom I thank from here. Clicking on the headline link can see the changes from he published the journalist) .
The subject of electromagnetism and health increasingly concerned about the users of many electric appliances in homes. Not only that, there are many elements in the streets that produce these waves.
Arregi Asier is an expert on electromagnetic waves which few dates gave a talk in Ibarraundi Museoa. People are asking what are the effects of these waves or the electromagnetic fields created by appliances we use in our homes (microwaves, laptops, wifi ...) affect our health or not or what the various laws say force in Europe or what materials are needed for protection from electromagnetic fields. Asier
believe that on the issue of electromagnetic waves "There is a need for information, because what we get is unclear. The thing to recommend is an 'electromagnetic hygiene. " Or what is the same. A series of habits that can be improved to decrease the dose of electromagnetic radiation we receive. That is a question of quantity as well, as if snuff. Should be informed on current legal limits and legal limits in other parts of the world. Low frequency as those emitted by transformers or 50 hertz power lines, the legal limit here is 100,000 and Sweden nanoteslas labor law the most are 250. With the theme of the microwave such as mobile phone or wifi, statutory maximum here between 4500-10000 milliwatts per square meter, for example in Salzburg or in Castilla la Mancha (sensitive area), the legal limit is milliwatts per square meter. In both cases argue studies and opinions based on science, which shows that science is divided on this issue. " Impact
On the impact it can have on the human body to receive these electromagnetic waves Asier says that "defending the legal limits, what they say is that waves do not ionizing thermal effects have only just warm fabric. Another part of science, including the Karolinska Institute researchers argue that part of the thermal effects are biological effects, and with values \u200b\u200bwell below legal limits. Among the biological effects we have non-thermal effects may be more notorious than insomnia, which can add headaches, stress. And from then on, scientific research come to show the cancer. "
effort to improve the electrical conditions in the homes Asier said it would be necessary "to monitor the quality of electrical installation. The house should have a good grounding because otherwise, we have more electric fields on all sides around all metal appliances: refrigerators, ovens, kitchen. On the premises of the wires in the walls may also have electric fields. "
highlights the theme of the broadcast wave of wireless' phones emit some of these 24 hours, 7 days a week and others only issued when you speak. This technology is called ECO-DECT. "
Magnets on refrigerators
On the topic you are commenting lately about the impact on food, magnets that are put in refrigerators, Asier says "I do not think they have any importance. It is true that magnets alter to whatever may have magnetic polarity. In fact there are magnet therapy that works very well in alternative medicine. It is clear that magnets alter but the magnets that are put in the fridge are a few gauss, and I think they do not affect in any event, unless the poor usually cold atmospheres. "
Finally, I note Asier that "we must not be afraid of anything because fear has always been used to manipulate. Fears must be analyzed and trying out of the way. "
Thursday, April 14, 2011
How Many Calories In A Bounty Bar
LED lights affect melatonin
Scientific studies show that white light of LEDs is that most affects the melatonin . This hormone controls the body's circadian rhythm and protects against various diseases, including degenerative disorders, or certain types of cancer.
A study by the American Geophysical Union indicates that the brightness of this light increases air pollution, by interfering with certain chemical reactions . Could generate more nitrogen oxides, one of the gases involved in urban pollution.
Some species may be harmed by
white light LEDs emit a large amount of radiation in shorter wavelengths. It is therefore the best possible light alters the behavior of the species of nightlife. The regulations require more advanced lighting fixtures below the 440 nm emission of luminous flux, a value that exceeds the current white LEDs.
How the body maintains the pace
The biological clock has to do not only with sleep-wake cycles but with pressure blood, body temperature or the effect of drugs
An organism is the result of many subsystems that work in coordination with an internal clock that sets the pace. A clock which also marches to the beat of what happens in the environment: day-night, spring-summer ... In recent decades the study of how the clock has become a booming area. But much to know. How do I adjust the internal and external clocks in the body? or what changes in each cell means the ticking clock? Two research groups pioneered the study of circadian rhythms have just launched two major advances and one may provide clues on why seasonal depression.
* Author: By MONICA G. SALOMON
* Publication Date: May 17, 2007
Fbxl3 Gene
The rate of organisms is inscribed in the genes, and in recent years researchers have been spent searching in model organisms such as Drosophila or mouse, the major genetic pathways involved in timekeeping. As with the systems that play an important role in the body, these networks of genes appear to have been conserved throughout evolution, are similar, for example, insects and mammals. They are not simple networks. In mice, since the discovery of the first gene associated with circadian rhythms in 1997-a gene called Clock-have found five more that are critical. And those genes, in turn, control other large gene families with patterns of recurrent activity.
Joseph Takahashi of Northwestern University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and one of the pioneers in research on biological clocks -author of the Clock-finding, recently published in the journal Cell the discovery of another gene more, also key in mice. "He had already been identified group of genes that form the circadian feedback loop, we had reason to suspect that there are more genes involved in the machinery, "explained Takahashi. The new gene is found special.
In recent years researchers have been dedicated to finding the major genetic pathways involved in timekeeping
is the first related to the circadian oscillations-day-in the quantities and types of proteins within the cell: "We assume that the circadian clock function are proteins that have to come and go [in the cell] in relatively short time scales, "says Takahashi," but we were concerned about how this happens. " Now you have a clue. The new gene related to control biological clock called Fbxl3, and belongs to a family of genes that help destroy certain proteins when they are no longer needed within the cell. In particular, dealing with "signal" to two proteins with circadian oscillation, Cryptochrome 1 and Cryptochrome 2, for destruction.
And these two proteins - specifically, their degradation, are themselves essential to activate the genes Period, marking the beginning of a new circadian cycle. Recap: Fbxl3 help out of the way to protein Cryptochrome when not needed, the degradation of active Cryptochrome Period, and so begins a new cycle, so that other genes are turned on ordering the synthesis of other proteins with circadian oscillation.
Takahashi's group have discovered thanks to a mutant mouse, Overtime, they found after analyzing some 3,000 mice, and whose ability is to follow a circadian rhythm of 26 hours instead of 24. Now we know that the clock moves slowly overtime because it has a mutation that prevents Fbxl3 remove excess Cryptochrome proteins, and therefore does not allow journalists to be activated properly. Takahashi and his colleagues continue to investigate the role of protein degradation in regulating the biological clock.
light therapies
The group's work by Michael Rosbash, Brandeis University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and also published in Cell, has to do with the time setting of internal clock with the environment: how the body feels the changes more subtle than the day and night, and acts accordingly. This time the researchers worked with Drosophila, but Rosbash says the results help us understand animal behaviors such as migration, hibernation or rut. To Dan Stoleru, Rosbash lab and one of the authors of the study, this study provides further information on possible causes of seasonal depression and other psychological disorders that respond to light treatments. How
investigating the sleep-wake cycle in flies? How flies sleep? Call it sleep or not, the truth is that flies alternating periods of activity and inactivity. Presented, in particular, two characteristic peaks of activity in the morning and evening. Each, as he had already determined the group Rosbash, is genetically controlled by a specific group of brain cells to circadian oscillations: cells in the morning and afternoon.
Researchers believe that there is probably a link between depression and circadian rhythm
The researchers set out to alter the expression of genes in both groups of cells and observe the behavior of flies in bright light, darkness, or in different combinations of light and darkness. What they found was that both systems form a dual control in a group-the late-notice deals when it starts to get dark, and the other at dawn. The ads are followed by a cascade of biochemical events.
Thus, when in winter the days get shorter circadian network responds biochemically to signal change, and the same happens when the days get longer. The clock is synchronized daily to mark the seasonal change generate an immediate response to changes in the environment. But how the information enters the light changes in the cells, either morning or afternoon? According to the results of group Rosbash, takes care of that a gene called Shaggy.
Gene interesting because of its human equivalent, GSK-3, acting therapies for severe affective disorders based on lithium. Does that mean that human depression is due to disruptions in this gene? Shaggy is essential to introduce the molecular clock information on changes in ambient light, say the authors, who believes that there is probably a link between depression and circadian rhythm, "says Stoll.
"In the most severe form of seasonal affective disorder using lithium therapy, lithium is a mood stabilizer and inhibits Shaggy." The last piece of the puzzle is that exposure to specific doses of bright light is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorders. "This paper does not explicitly examines the relationship with affective disorders, because this was not the goal. But the presence at the puzzle of all factors, it is surprising and may explain why light therapy works, "concludes Stoleru.
THE SIXTH SENSE
is already known since the eighteenth century that the agencies are governed by a clock independent internal environment: in environments without external changes, cave, greenhouses, laboratories, it is noted that both plants and animals maintain their usual period of about 24 hours, but in relation to the period of adjustment usual day / night. To have a sync with the outside must have physical pathways external light levels to the body.
This gateway to the brain is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a structure located in the hypothalamus. This nucleus receives a signal from specialized cells in the retina and has neurons that express genes or not depending on light levels. It has been observed in mice as the destruction of the nucleus suprachiasmatic animals makes gap completely with respect to the environment, although its activity is guided by a 24-hour cycle. 
Scientific studies show that white light of LEDs is that most affects the melatonin . This hormone controls the body's circadian rhythm and protects against various diseases, including degenerative disorders, or certain types of cancer.
A study by the American Geophysical Union indicates that the brightness of this light increases air pollution, by interfering with certain chemical reactions . Could generate more nitrogen oxides, one of the gases involved in urban pollution.
Some species may be harmed by
white light LEDs emit a large amount of radiation in shorter wavelengths. It is therefore the best possible light alters the behavior of the species of nightlife. The regulations require more advanced lighting fixtures below the 440 nm emission of luminous flux, a value that exceeds the current white LEDs.
How the body maintains the pace
The biological clock has to do not only with sleep-wake cycles but with pressure blood, body temperature or the effect of drugs
An organism is the result of many subsystems that work in coordination with an internal clock that sets the pace. A clock which also marches to the beat of what happens in the environment: day-night, spring-summer ... In recent decades the study of how the clock has become a booming area. But much to know. How do I adjust the internal and external clocks in the body? or what changes in each cell means the ticking clock? Two research groups pioneered the study of circadian rhythms have just launched two major advances and one may provide clues on why seasonal depression.
* Author: By MONICA G. SALOMON
* Publication Date: May 17, 2007
Fbxl3 Gene
The rate of organisms is inscribed in the genes, and in recent years researchers have been spent searching in model organisms such as Drosophila or mouse, the major genetic pathways involved in timekeeping. As with the systems that play an important role in the body, these networks of genes appear to have been conserved throughout evolution, are similar, for example, insects and mammals. They are not simple networks. In mice, since the discovery of the first gene associated with circadian rhythms in 1997-a gene called Clock-have found five more that are critical. And those genes, in turn, control other large gene families with patterns of recurrent activity.
Joseph Takahashi of Northwestern University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and one of the pioneers in research on biological clocks -author of the Clock-finding, recently published in the journal Cell the discovery of another gene more, also key in mice. "He had already been identified group of genes that form the circadian feedback loop, we had reason to suspect that there are more genes involved in the machinery, "explained Takahashi. The new gene is found special.
In recent years researchers have been dedicated to finding the major genetic pathways involved in timekeeping
is the first related to the circadian oscillations-day-in the quantities and types of proteins within the cell: "We assume that the circadian clock function are proteins that have to come and go [in the cell] in relatively short time scales, "says Takahashi," but we were concerned about how this happens. " Now you have a clue. The new gene related to control biological clock called Fbxl3, and belongs to a family of genes that help destroy certain proteins when they are no longer needed within the cell. In particular, dealing with "signal" to two proteins with circadian oscillation, Cryptochrome 1 and Cryptochrome 2, for destruction.
And these two proteins - specifically, their degradation, are themselves essential to activate the genes Period, marking the beginning of a new circadian cycle. Recap: Fbxl3 help out of the way to protein Cryptochrome when not needed, the degradation of active Cryptochrome Period, and so begins a new cycle, so that other genes are turned on ordering the synthesis of other proteins with circadian oscillation.
Takahashi's group have discovered thanks to a mutant mouse, Overtime, they found after analyzing some 3,000 mice, and whose ability is to follow a circadian rhythm of 26 hours instead of 24. Now we know that the clock moves slowly overtime because it has a mutation that prevents Fbxl3 remove excess Cryptochrome proteins, and therefore does not allow journalists to be activated properly. Takahashi and his colleagues continue to investigate the role of protein degradation in regulating the biological clock.
light therapies
The group's work by Michael Rosbash, Brandeis University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) and also published in Cell, has to do with the time setting of internal clock with the environment: how the body feels the changes more subtle than the day and night, and acts accordingly. This time the researchers worked with Drosophila, but Rosbash says the results help us understand animal behaviors such as migration, hibernation or rut. To Dan Stoleru, Rosbash lab and one of the authors of the study, this study provides further information on possible causes of seasonal depression and other psychological disorders that respond to light treatments. How
investigating the sleep-wake cycle in flies? How flies sleep? Call it sleep or not, the truth is that flies alternating periods of activity and inactivity. Presented, in particular, two characteristic peaks of activity in the morning and evening. Each, as he had already determined the group Rosbash, is genetically controlled by a specific group of brain cells to circadian oscillations: cells in the morning and afternoon.
Researchers believe that there is probably a link between depression and circadian rhythm
The researchers set out to alter the expression of genes in both groups of cells and observe the behavior of flies in bright light, darkness, or in different combinations of light and darkness. What they found was that both systems form a dual control in a group-the late-notice deals when it starts to get dark, and the other at dawn. The ads are followed by a cascade of biochemical events.
Thus, when in winter the days get shorter circadian network responds biochemically to signal change, and the same happens when the days get longer. The clock is synchronized daily to mark the seasonal change generate an immediate response to changes in the environment. But how the information enters the light changes in the cells, either morning or afternoon? According to the results of group Rosbash, takes care of that a gene called Shaggy.
Gene interesting because of its human equivalent, GSK-3, acting therapies for severe affective disorders based on lithium. Does that mean that human depression is due to disruptions in this gene? Shaggy is essential to introduce the molecular clock information on changes in ambient light, say the authors, who believes that there is probably a link between depression and circadian rhythm, "says Stoll.
"In the most severe form of seasonal affective disorder using lithium therapy, lithium is a mood stabilizer and inhibits Shaggy." The last piece of the puzzle is that exposure to specific doses of bright light is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorders. "This paper does not explicitly examines the relationship with affective disorders, because this was not the goal. But the presence at the puzzle of all factors, it is surprising and may explain why light therapy works, "concludes Stoleru.
THE SIXTH SENSE
is already known since the eighteenth century that the agencies are governed by a clock independent internal environment: in environments without external changes, cave, greenhouses, laboratories, it is noted that both plants and animals maintain their usual period of about 24 hours, but in relation to the period of adjustment usual day / night. To have a sync with the outside must have physical pathways external light levels to the body.
This gateway to the brain is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a structure located in the hypothalamus. This nucleus receives a signal from specialized cells in the retina and has neurons that express genes or not depending on light levels. It has been observed in mice as the destruction of the nucleus suprachiasmatic animals makes gap completely with respect to the environment, although its activity is guided by a 24-hour cycle.
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Where To Watch Rockman.exe Stream
Balmori.Efectos of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on insects.
effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on insects
Alfonso Balmori
Ministry of Environment. Junta de Castilla y León.
A review of laboratory studies exposing insects to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, similar to those used for telephone systems currently in use, and low frequency electromagnetic fields. The modulated pulsed microwaves and telephones are a recent ubiquitous contaminant, whose consequences have not yet been adequately evaluated. Studies show effects on this group of fauna, with predictable consequences on ecosystems. It is recommended to conduct monitoring and studies in the vicinity of radio base stations, where there are higher levels of electromagnetic pollution and presents some technical capabilities that can help identify the areas most affected by radiation. Introduction
Insects are important components of ecosystems, not only for its ubiquity and the large number of species, but also as a basic link in the food chain, to fall prey to many of the vertebrates, which use temporary isolation or to meet their protein needs. Any factor that affects its abundance may have an impact on the community of vertebrates and the whole ecosystem. Moreover, considering that basic cellular processes are similar in mammals and insects, and insects are generally more resistant than the first (at least compared to ionizing radiation), the effects observed in this group may be indicative of the response of other group of organisms.
electromagnetic fields, particularly electromagnetic radiation in the range of radio frequencies and microwaves, have been associated with different biological effects. It has been documented to have effects on biomolecules (Daniells et al., 1998, Weisbrot et al., 2003; barteri et al., 2005), cell proliferation (Velizarov et al., 1999), interference with immune processes ( Novoselova and Fesenko, 1998), effects on reproductive capacity (Dasdag et al., 1999; Davoudi et al., 2002), genotoxic effects (Garaj-Vrhovac et al., 1991, Lai and Singh, 1995; Balode, 1996; Reflex, 2004) nervous system effects (Kolodynski and Kolodynska, 1996; Beasond and Semm, 2002; Kramarenko, 2003, Marino et al., 2003; Salford et al., 2003) on the circulatory system (Szmigielski et al., 1998) a decrease in the number of births (Lean and Xenos, 1997; Balme, 2005). Given that the electromagnetic radiation in the range of radio frequencies have increased exponentially in ecosystems with the deployment of mobile phones, microwaves can be affecting creatures that live in the vicinity of the antennas, both vertebrate (Balme, 2003, 2004a, 2005), insects (Levengood, 1969, Carpenter and Livstone, 1971, Ramirez et al., 1983; Weisbrot et al., 2003, Pan and Liu, 2004; Panagopoulos et al., 2004), or vegetables (Selga and Selga, 1996; Balodis et al., 1996; Balmori, 2004b).
This paper reviews some laboratory research, which studied the effects of electromagnetic fields and microwave radiation on insects. Also collected available information on observations of insects exposed to radiation in nature.
Research with fruit flies
Panagopoulos et al. (2004) exposed fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) to mobile phone radiation (900 MHz) for the first 2-5 days adulthood. The reproductive capacity of the species declined by 50-60% in conditions of modulated radiation (emission that occurs while talking on the phone) and 15-20% with unmodulated radiation (emission with the phone on silent). The decrease in reproductive capacity occurred in both sexes, although affected more females than males. The results of this study indicate that this radiation affects the gonadal development of insects in a athermal (no increase in temperature). The same authors studied the effects of various types of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the offspring of the fruit fly, obtaining: a) a decrease statistically significantly, by around 6% of reproductive capacity after exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields, b) an increase in the reproductive capacity of around 40% after exposure to pulsed EMF c) a dramatic decrease in reproductive capacity, the 60% after exposure to radiation from GSM phones. The authors concluded that radio frequencies, specifically GSM, are highly bioactive, causing significant alterations in the physiological functions of living organisms, so they recommend prudent avoidance (Panagopoulos et al., 2002). They base their results in the alteration of cytoplasmic calcium concentration and an acceleration or delay of cellular processes, noting that the oogésesis and stages of spermatogenesis are very active and sensitive to external factors. The observed effects could not be attributed to an increase in temperature (Panagopoulos et al., 2002).
In another study in which fruit flies were exposed to radiation from mobile phones, indicated an increase in the levels of stress proteins (hsp70), which are usually synthesized when cells are exposed to adverse environmental conditions ('non-thermal shock'). There was also an increase in phosphorylation of nuclear transcription. Surprisingly, radiation mobile phone induced an increase of offspring, compared with the unexposed group (Weisbrot et al., 2003).
experiments studying the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living beings are complex, as there is a large number of variables to be checked, and this could explain the conflicting results. Microwave radiation seems to cause different effects, and even opposite, depending on the experimental designs such as frequency, power, modulation, pulses, exposure time etc. (Tanner and Romero-Sierra, 1982, Grigoriev, 1996, Daniells et al., 1998; Nikolaevich et al., 2001). Pulsed wave (in bursts) and as certain low-frequency modulations, have been shown to be most active from a biological standpoint (Grigoriev, 1996, Hyland, 2001; Nikolaevich et al., 2001). Furthermore the dose-response (non-thermal effects) are not easy to establish since they have a nonlinear relationship (Monteagudo, 1997; Hyland, 2001, Marino et al., 2003) and the effects may depend on the duration of exposure (Adey, 1996). The effects may be protective at first, but harmful after chronic exposure (DiCarlo et al., 1999).
In another study conducted with low-frequency electromagnetic fields, eggs and larvae of the fly flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to an alternating field of 11 millitesla with a frequency of 50 Hz for a variable time and observed the developmental changes after exposure. The results showed a significant increase in the number of adult flies with abnormalities, when exposure was performed on larvae, but not when it was over the eggs. Statistical analysis showed that after exposure to the electromagnetic frequency of abnormal flies depends on two factors: the duration of exposure and stage of development (and Azarnia Mirabolghasemi, 2002). There was no difference in mortality rates, and gender distribution of the flies abnormalities, including flies exposed and control groups. Although the observed abnormalities can occur spontaneously in nature, with the electromagnetic field increased their frequency. The authors propose that the effects are presumably caused by defects in DNA repair. It is possible that electromagnetic fields affect enzymatic reactions involved in repair functions and as a result, cause deformities (Mirabolghasemi and Azarnia, 2002). Other authors have also noted that electromagnetic radiation prevent DNA repair is successful (Heredia-Rojas et al., 2003, Hallberg and Johansson, 2004).
Stamenkovic-Radak et al. (2001) exposed fruit flies to a permanent magnetic field of 35 millitesla, noting a change in the size of the wings of flies. The authors conclude that magnetic fields are factors of stress and the changes depend on the number of generations exposed. The Importance of long-term cumulative effects has been reported by other authors (Tofani et al., 1986, Adey, 1996).
Ramirez et al. (1983) found that oviposition decreased in flies exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (100 Hz, 1.76 mT) and sine (50 Hz, 1 mT). Eggs exposed for 48 hours showed: 1) A higher mortality eggs. 2) The mortality of larvae and pupae increased after exposure to a permanent magnetic field. 3) A variation of the survival rate of adults, depending on exposure to pulsed magnetic fields, sinusoidal or static. From observations also found that the fruit fly has sensitivity to electromagnetic fields and actively avoid exposure to pulsed fields. Drosophila females showed a preference for a particular location, conditioned by the specific characteristics of the field. This avoidance behavior of pulsed electromagnetic radiation has been found also in rats (Frey and Feld, 1975; Firstenberg, 1997), sparrows (Balme, 2003 and 2004a) and bees (Firstenberg, 1997).
Ma and Chu (1993) after exposing Drosophila embryos, in the early stages of development at a low frequency field, with a range of magnetic field strengths between 50-400 mG DC or AC, for 1 and 6 hours, observed a general trend in the embryo lethal effect. The authors conclude that electromagnetic fields seem to affect the development and survival of the embryos of fruit flies.
Experiments with other Diptera
Pan and Liu (2004) exposed eggs of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to magnetic fields high (9-14 T), in sensitive periods of fetal development. The average hatching time was delayed, which increased non-linearly with increasing magnetic field which was applied to the eggs.
Koschnitzke et al. (1983) after exposing giant chromosomes Acricotopus lucidus (Chironomidae, Diptera) to a microwave radiation of various frequencies with a power density of less than 6 mW/cm2 observed alterations in chromosome structure. These authors suggest that the coherence of the radiation (coherent electric vibrations in biological systems) is essential in order to produce the observed effects and ruled that the effects may be thermal.
Studies and Observations in bees
Ferdinand Ruzicka is a researcher at the University of Doz (Austria) and amateur beekeeper, that explains how the problems of their bees began after the installation of several phone masts near their hives ( 50 meters from a base station and 150 meters three more). He noted symptoms of stress and the collapse of bee colonies when it began broadcasting antennas. The same was observed by other beekeepers (F. Ruzicka, com. Comm.). At first there was a big mess and a high instinct to swarm. In summer there was an unusual decline in bee populations, while in winter came to fly despite the cold and snow (and despite the pollen collected in autumn was more than enough for the winter), with the loss of individuals (www.mikrowellensmog.info / bienen.html). Dr. Ruzicka, a connoisseur of bee diseases, finds no explanation for this behavior either by disease or poisoning, and guilt of it to radiation from antennas. For this reason a survey among Austrian beekeepers. Of 25 beekeepers who had phone masts near their hives, 37.5% reported a high aggressiveness, 25% a great tendency to form swarms, and 62.5% disappearance of colonies (Ruzicka, 2003).
Firstenberg (1997) also cites the disappearance of bees in proximity to phone masts. In an area of \u200b\u200bNew Zealand bees disappeared after several radio antennas installed observed after only a few swarms 'angry'. A beekeeper who received directly the beam of radiation in their hives found that bees were dying in your post for no apparent reason (P. Hargreaves pers. comm.). http://canterbury.cyberplace.org.nz/ouruhia/. Other authors have demonstrated the agitation and restlessness and aggressive behavior that show bees exposed to electromagnetic fields from power lines (Ramirez et al., 1983).
Various media have published news about the crisis of beekeeping, produced, among other reasons, bee mortalities and depopulation of hives of unknown origin that has recently suffered from this sector. Given the known effects of microwaves on insects and bees in particular, given the proliferation of base stations in the field is necessary to investigate whether phone radiation are affecting in any way in these mortalities. The results should be considered by the English beekeepers to prevent economic losses.
By contrast, in two studies funded by NASA, the authors found no differences in mortality or in the consumption of sugars (Westerdahl and Gary, 1981a) or changes in flight orientation or memory (Westerdahl and Gary, 1981b) in bees that were irradiated with microwaves.
Kirschvink et al. (1997) studied the thresholds of perception of bees compared to low frequency magnetic fields. The results indicate a high sensitivity, which decreased rapidly with increasing frequency (perceived best low frequencies of 10 Hz). Bees use the magnetite crystals as magnetoreceptor. Jungreis (1987) investigated the ability of insects to travel long distances seasonally, requiring the use of some hereditary mechanisms to find the right direction. Magnetite particles were found biologically synthesized both migratory species that use it as a compass in the earth's magnetic field, as non-migrant species for which are yet unknown function.
Research with
beetles beetle Tenebrio molitor pupae were irradiated with 4 to 5.95 GHz microwave frequency and power from 37.8 to 152.6 J / g for a variable time between 5 minutes and 6 hours. For the author, the anomalies observed teratogenic (abnormalities and holes in the elytra) were not caused by heat gain. The electromagnetic field strength required to produce teratogenesis was higher with lower microwave frequencies. The results suggest that microwave photons produced cumulative effects (Olsen, 1977).
Livstone Carpenter (1971) irradiated pupae of the beetle Tenebrio molitor microwave frequency of 10 GHz to 80 mW for 20-30 minutes and 20 mW for 120 minutes and got a lift in the proportion of abnormal or dead insects. In addition, irradiated insects had lower longevity. The authors concluded that abnormalities induced by microwave radiation is not thermal, suggesting that the successful development and metamorphosis depends on delicate balances and interactions involving many enzymes and hormones, which could be the targets which affect the microwave.
Another study presented the cerambycid Morimus funereus to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz and 2 mT magnetic field strength, noting changes in patterns of activity in both sexes. After exposure, the activity increased in the groups with medium and low motor activity, but decreased for very active individuals. However, there was a high variability between individuals (Prolic et al., 2003).
phone radiations in nature
Since the second half of the 90's past century has made the deployment of the network of radio base stations, which has increased by several orders of magnitude microwave electromagnetic pollution, especially in cities, but also in the countryside near the rural communities and the built environment . The electric field strength at a particular point in the vicinity of an antenna varies continuously between certain levels, depending on the number of communications that supports the base station (number of phones connected at all times) (Fig. 1 and Fig 3). There are continuous changes in the intensity and frequency GSM signals makes them more bioactive fields with parameters constant, possibly because it is very difficult for organisms to adapt to them, which can make life difficult in the immediate vicinity (Panagopoulos et al, 2004).
Figure 1. Close up of mobile phone base station (Source: César Balmori).
A growing body of evidence of people and anecdotal observations indicate that the flies and spiders, among other insects away from areas of influence of phone masts, which receives the highest levels of radiation (A . Soria, pers. com. and our own observations). Know if an abandonment of the area or the death of species living in the area, but the trend towards avoidance of pulsed microwaves by animals is known since ancient times (Frey and Feld, 1975). We do not know if the reason is the deterioration of the quality of suitable habitat or lack of food resources (Balme, 2003, 2004a, 2004b).
Some technical issues. Electric field strength and exhibition area
The variables used to measure this radiation is the power density (measured in watts per square meter, W/m2, or μW/cm2), which expresses the radiant power incident perpendicular to a surface, divided by the surface area. Electric Field Intensity at a point (measured in volts per meter: V / m), which is a vector quantity proportional to the force exerted on a charged particle, depending on its position in space.
For a particular direction with respect to the antenna, the power density at a point varies inversely as the square of the distance to the source. The area of \u200b\u200bgreatest electric field strength is determined by the height and steepness of the antenna (Fig. 2 and Fig 3).
ImageFigura 2. The distance (E) of the main surface of incidence of the lobe on the ground is obtained by the formula: E = tan (90-a) x h. where a is the angle of inclination of the issuance of the horizontal antenna and h is the height at which it is installed. (Adapted from Eger et al., 2004).
At a distance of 50 meters the power density is typically about 10 μW/cm2 (Santini et al., 2000), while at distances of 100 meters at ground level can be measured even above 1 μW/cm2 (own data). Between 150 and 200 meters, the power density of the main lobe near the ground is typically a few tenths of μW/cm2 (Hyland, 2000). Above 0.0006 μW/cm2 (less than 0.1 V / m) have been found harmful effects in people exposed continuously (Oberfeld et al., 2004).
Figure 3. Variation of Electric Field Strength at ground level to move away from a phone base station on the roof of a building about 24 meters above the ground. Usually the higher incidence of radiation is produced at distances between 50 and 300 meters from the antennas. Note that changes in levels are accentuated in the vicinity of the antenna (About the author).
Moreover, the main lobe of radiation from the antenna is increasingly opening to get away from it (Table 1).
Table 1: Dimensions of the lobe or main beam emission of a base at various distances. The data shown correspond to a typical antenna with an emission angle of 65 ° to the horizontal and 9 ° in the vertical (About the author).
Concluding remarks The levels of radiation in laboratory studies are higher than can be found in nature, but most of them referred to the results meet independent effects of temperature (thermal effects). The current legislation makes reference only to the levels of exposure to avoid thermal effects, but not the time exposure, when we know that not only the electric field strength but also the dosage is important, taking into account the cumulative effects mentioned. It is expected that in areas where power density and electric field intensity is higher, within the main lobe and near the antennas, living beings will be more affected by radiation.
conclude the review made the need to reconsider and reduce exposure levels of living and conducting studies that evaluate long-term effects of pulsed microwave radiation that currently exist in our environment, and recommend prudent avoidance (Hyland, 2000; Panagopoulos et al, 2004).
NOTE: Mili Tesla: a unit of magnetic field strength. Corresponds to 0.001 N A-1 m-1 or 0.001 Weber.m-2. Thanks
Center Environmental Information and Documentation provided me with some items. AVAATE lent their support at all times.
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effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on insects
Alfonso Balmori
Ministry of Environment. Junta de Castilla y León.
A review of laboratory studies exposing insects to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, similar to those used for telephone systems currently in use, and low frequency electromagnetic fields. The modulated pulsed microwaves and telephones are a recent ubiquitous contaminant, whose consequences have not yet been adequately evaluated. Studies show effects on this group of fauna, with predictable consequences on ecosystems. It is recommended to conduct monitoring and studies in the vicinity of radio base stations, where there are higher levels of electromagnetic pollution and presents some technical capabilities that can help identify the areas most affected by radiation. Introduction
Insects are important components of ecosystems, not only for its ubiquity and the large number of species, but also as a basic link in the food chain, to fall prey to many of the vertebrates, which use temporary isolation or to meet their protein needs. Any factor that affects its abundance may have an impact on the community of vertebrates and the whole ecosystem. Moreover, considering that basic cellular processes are similar in mammals and insects, and insects are generally more resistant than the first (at least compared to ionizing radiation), the effects observed in this group may be indicative of the response of other group of organisms.
electromagnetic fields, particularly electromagnetic radiation in the range of radio frequencies and microwaves, have been associated with different biological effects. It has been documented to have effects on biomolecules (Daniells et al., 1998, Weisbrot et al., 2003; barteri et al., 2005), cell proliferation (Velizarov et al., 1999), interference with immune processes ( Novoselova and Fesenko, 1998), effects on reproductive capacity (Dasdag et al., 1999; Davoudi et al., 2002), genotoxic effects (Garaj-Vrhovac et al., 1991, Lai and Singh, 1995; Balode, 1996; Reflex, 2004) nervous system effects (Kolodynski and Kolodynska, 1996; Beasond and Semm, 2002; Kramarenko, 2003, Marino et al., 2003; Salford et al., 2003) on the circulatory system (Szmigielski et al., 1998) a decrease in the number of births (Lean and Xenos, 1997; Balme, 2005). Given that the electromagnetic radiation in the range of radio frequencies have increased exponentially in ecosystems with the deployment of mobile phones, microwaves can be affecting creatures that live in the vicinity of the antennas, both vertebrate (Balme, 2003, 2004a, 2005), insects (Levengood, 1969, Carpenter and Livstone, 1971, Ramirez et al., 1983; Weisbrot et al., 2003, Pan and Liu, 2004; Panagopoulos et al., 2004), or vegetables (Selga and Selga, 1996; Balodis et al., 1996; Balmori, 2004b).
This paper reviews some laboratory research, which studied the effects of electromagnetic fields and microwave radiation on insects. Also collected available information on observations of insects exposed to radiation in nature.
Research with fruit flies
Panagopoulos et al. (2004) exposed fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) to mobile phone radiation (900 MHz) for the first 2-5 days adulthood. The reproductive capacity of the species declined by 50-60% in conditions of modulated radiation (emission that occurs while talking on the phone) and 15-20% with unmodulated radiation (emission with the phone on silent). The decrease in reproductive capacity occurred in both sexes, although affected more females than males. The results of this study indicate that this radiation affects the gonadal development of insects in a athermal (no increase in temperature). The same authors studied the effects of various types of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the offspring of the fruit fly, obtaining: a) a decrease statistically significantly, by around 6% of reproductive capacity after exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields, b) an increase in the reproductive capacity of around 40% after exposure to pulsed EMF c) a dramatic decrease in reproductive capacity, the 60% after exposure to radiation from GSM phones. The authors concluded that radio frequencies, specifically GSM, are highly bioactive, causing significant alterations in the physiological functions of living organisms, so they recommend prudent avoidance (Panagopoulos et al., 2002). They base their results in the alteration of cytoplasmic calcium concentration and an acceleration or delay of cellular processes, noting that the oogésesis and stages of spermatogenesis are very active and sensitive to external factors. The observed effects could not be attributed to an increase in temperature (Panagopoulos et al., 2002).
In another study in which fruit flies were exposed to radiation from mobile phones, indicated an increase in the levels of stress proteins (hsp70), which are usually synthesized when cells are exposed to adverse environmental conditions ('non-thermal shock'). There was also an increase in phosphorylation of nuclear transcription. Surprisingly, radiation mobile phone induced an increase of offspring, compared with the unexposed group (Weisbrot et al., 2003).
experiments studying the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living beings are complex, as there is a large number of variables to be checked, and this could explain the conflicting results. Microwave radiation seems to cause different effects, and even opposite, depending on the experimental designs such as frequency, power, modulation, pulses, exposure time etc. (Tanner and Romero-Sierra, 1982, Grigoriev, 1996, Daniells et al., 1998; Nikolaevich et al., 2001). Pulsed wave (in bursts) and as certain low-frequency modulations, have been shown to be most active from a biological standpoint (Grigoriev, 1996, Hyland, 2001; Nikolaevich et al., 2001). Furthermore the dose-response (non-thermal effects) are not easy to establish since they have a nonlinear relationship (Monteagudo, 1997; Hyland, 2001, Marino et al., 2003) and the effects may depend on the duration of exposure (Adey, 1996). The effects may be protective at first, but harmful after chronic exposure (DiCarlo et al., 1999).
In another study conducted with low-frequency electromagnetic fields, eggs and larvae of the fly flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to an alternating field of 11 millitesla with a frequency of 50 Hz for a variable time and observed the developmental changes after exposure. The results showed a significant increase in the number of adult flies with abnormalities, when exposure was performed on larvae, but not when it was over the eggs. Statistical analysis showed that after exposure to the electromagnetic frequency of abnormal flies depends on two factors: the duration of exposure and stage of development (and Azarnia Mirabolghasemi, 2002). There was no difference in mortality rates, and gender distribution of the flies abnormalities, including flies exposed and control groups. Although the observed abnormalities can occur spontaneously in nature, with the electromagnetic field increased their frequency. The authors propose that the effects are presumably caused by defects in DNA repair. It is possible that electromagnetic fields affect enzymatic reactions involved in repair functions and as a result, cause deformities (Mirabolghasemi and Azarnia, 2002). Other authors have also noted that electromagnetic radiation prevent DNA repair is successful (Heredia-Rojas et al., 2003, Hallberg and Johansson, 2004).
Stamenkovic-Radak et al. (2001) exposed fruit flies to a permanent magnetic field of 35 millitesla, noting a change in the size of the wings of flies. The authors conclude that magnetic fields are factors of stress and the changes depend on the number of generations exposed. The Importance of long-term cumulative effects has been reported by other authors (Tofani et al., 1986, Adey, 1996).
Ramirez et al. (1983) found that oviposition decreased in flies exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (100 Hz, 1.76 mT) and sine (50 Hz, 1 mT). Eggs exposed for 48 hours showed: 1) A higher mortality eggs. 2) The mortality of larvae and pupae increased after exposure to a permanent magnetic field. 3) A variation of the survival rate of adults, depending on exposure to pulsed magnetic fields, sinusoidal or static. From observations also found that the fruit fly has sensitivity to electromagnetic fields and actively avoid exposure to pulsed fields. Drosophila females showed a preference for a particular location, conditioned by the specific characteristics of the field. This avoidance behavior of pulsed electromagnetic radiation has been found also in rats (Frey and Feld, 1975; Firstenberg, 1997), sparrows (Balme, 2003 and 2004a) and bees (Firstenberg, 1997).
Ma and Chu (1993) after exposing Drosophila embryos, in the early stages of development at a low frequency field, with a range of magnetic field strengths between 50-400 mG DC or AC, for 1 and 6 hours, observed a general trend in the embryo lethal effect. The authors conclude that electromagnetic fields seem to affect the development and survival of the embryos of fruit flies.
Experiments with other Diptera
Pan and Liu (2004) exposed eggs of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to magnetic fields high (9-14 T), in sensitive periods of fetal development. The average hatching time was delayed, which increased non-linearly with increasing magnetic field which was applied to the eggs.
Koschnitzke et al. (1983) after exposing giant chromosomes Acricotopus lucidus (Chironomidae, Diptera) to a microwave radiation of various frequencies with a power density of less than 6 mW/cm2 observed alterations in chromosome structure. These authors suggest that the coherence of the radiation (coherent electric vibrations in biological systems) is essential in order to produce the observed effects and ruled that the effects may be thermal.
Studies and Observations in bees
Ferdinand Ruzicka is a researcher at the University of Doz (Austria) and amateur beekeeper, that explains how the problems of their bees began after the installation of several phone masts near their hives ( 50 meters from a base station and 150 meters three more). He noted symptoms of stress and the collapse of bee colonies when it began broadcasting antennas. The same was observed by other beekeepers (F. Ruzicka, com. Comm.). At first there was a big mess and a high instinct to swarm. In summer there was an unusual decline in bee populations, while in winter came to fly despite the cold and snow (and despite the pollen collected in autumn was more than enough for the winter), with the loss of individuals (www.mikrowellensmog.info / bienen.html). Dr. Ruzicka, a connoisseur of bee diseases, finds no explanation for this behavior either by disease or poisoning, and guilt of it to radiation from antennas. For this reason a survey among Austrian beekeepers. Of 25 beekeepers who had phone masts near their hives, 37.5% reported a high aggressiveness, 25% a great tendency to form swarms, and 62.5% disappearance of colonies (Ruzicka, 2003).
Firstenberg (1997) also cites the disappearance of bees in proximity to phone masts. In an area of \u200b\u200bNew Zealand bees disappeared after several radio antennas installed observed after only a few swarms 'angry'. A beekeeper who received directly the beam of radiation in their hives found that bees were dying in your post for no apparent reason (P. Hargreaves pers. comm.). http://canterbury.cyberplace.org.nz/ouruhia/. Other authors have demonstrated the agitation and restlessness and aggressive behavior that show bees exposed to electromagnetic fields from power lines (Ramirez et al., 1983).
Various media have published news about the crisis of beekeeping, produced, among other reasons, bee mortalities and depopulation of hives of unknown origin that has recently suffered from this sector. Given the known effects of microwaves on insects and bees in particular, given the proliferation of base stations in the field is necessary to investigate whether phone radiation are affecting in any way in these mortalities. The results should be considered by the English beekeepers to prevent economic losses.
By contrast, in two studies funded by NASA, the authors found no differences in mortality or in the consumption of sugars (Westerdahl and Gary, 1981a) or changes in flight orientation or memory (Westerdahl and Gary, 1981b) in bees that were irradiated with microwaves.
Kirschvink et al. (1997) studied the thresholds of perception of bees compared to low frequency magnetic fields. The results indicate a high sensitivity, which decreased rapidly with increasing frequency (perceived best low frequencies of 10 Hz). Bees use the magnetite crystals as magnetoreceptor. Jungreis (1987) investigated the ability of insects to travel long distances seasonally, requiring the use of some hereditary mechanisms to find the right direction. Magnetite particles were found biologically synthesized both migratory species that use it as a compass in the earth's magnetic field, as non-migrant species for which are yet unknown function.
Research with
beetles beetle Tenebrio molitor pupae were irradiated with 4 to 5.95 GHz microwave frequency and power from 37.8 to 152.6 J / g for a variable time between 5 minutes and 6 hours. For the author, the anomalies observed teratogenic (abnormalities and holes in the elytra) were not caused by heat gain. The electromagnetic field strength required to produce teratogenesis was higher with lower microwave frequencies. The results suggest that microwave photons produced cumulative effects (Olsen, 1977).
Livstone Carpenter (1971) irradiated pupae of the beetle Tenebrio molitor microwave frequency of 10 GHz to 80 mW for 20-30 minutes and 20 mW for 120 minutes and got a lift in the proportion of abnormal or dead insects. In addition, irradiated insects had lower longevity. The authors concluded that abnormalities induced by microwave radiation is not thermal, suggesting that the successful development and metamorphosis depends on delicate balances and interactions involving many enzymes and hormones, which could be the targets which affect the microwave.
Another study presented the cerambycid Morimus funereus to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz and 2 mT magnetic field strength, noting changes in patterns of activity in both sexes. After exposure, the activity increased in the groups with medium and low motor activity, but decreased for very active individuals. However, there was a high variability between individuals (Prolic et al., 2003).
phone radiations in nature
Since the second half of the 90's past century has made the deployment of the network of radio base stations, which has increased by several orders of magnitude microwave electromagnetic pollution, especially in cities, but also in the countryside near the rural communities and the built environment . The electric field strength at a particular point in the vicinity of an antenna varies continuously between certain levels, depending on the number of communications that supports the base station (number of phones connected at all times) (Fig. 1 and Fig 3). There are continuous changes in the intensity and frequency GSM signals makes them more bioactive fields with parameters constant, possibly because it is very difficult for organisms to adapt to them, which can make life difficult in the immediate vicinity (Panagopoulos et al, 2004).
Figure 1. Close up of mobile phone base station (Source: César Balmori).
A growing body of evidence of people and anecdotal observations indicate that the flies and spiders, among other insects away from areas of influence of phone masts, which receives the highest levels of radiation (A . Soria, pers. com. and our own observations). Know if an abandonment of the area or the death of species living in the area, but the trend towards avoidance of pulsed microwaves by animals is known since ancient times (Frey and Feld, 1975). We do not know if the reason is the deterioration of the quality of suitable habitat or lack of food resources (Balme, 2003, 2004a, 2004b).
Some technical issues. Electric field strength and exhibition area
The variables used to measure this radiation is the power density (measured in watts per square meter, W/m2, or μW/cm2), which expresses the radiant power incident perpendicular to a surface, divided by the surface area. Electric Field Intensity at a point (measured in volts per meter: V / m), which is a vector quantity proportional to the force exerted on a charged particle, depending on its position in space.
For a particular direction with respect to the antenna, the power density at a point varies inversely as the square of the distance to the source. The area of \u200b\u200bgreatest electric field strength is determined by the height and steepness of the antenna (Fig. 2 and Fig 3).
ImageFigura 2. The distance (E) of the main surface of incidence of the lobe on the ground is obtained by the formula: E = tan (90-a) x h. where a is the angle of inclination of the issuance of the horizontal antenna and h is the height at which it is installed. (Adapted from Eger et al., 2004).
At a distance of 50 meters the power density is typically about 10 μW/cm2 (Santini et al., 2000), while at distances of 100 meters at ground level can be measured even above 1 μW/cm2 (own data). Between 150 and 200 meters, the power density of the main lobe near the ground is typically a few tenths of μW/cm2 (Hyland, 2000). Above 0.0006 μW/cm2 (less than 0.1 V / m) have been found harmful effects in people exposed continuously (Oberfeld et al., 2004).
Figure 3. Variation of Electric Field Strength at ground level to move away from a phone base station on the roof of a building about 24 meters above the ground. Usually the higher incidence of radiation is produced at distances between 50 and 300 meters from the antennas. Note that changes in levels are accentuated in the vicinity of the antenna (About the author).
Moreover, the main lobe of radiation from the antenna is increasingly opening to get away from it (Table 1).
Table 1: Dimensions of the lobe or main beam emission of a base at various distances. The data shown correspond to a typical antenna with an emission angle of 65 ° to the horizontal and 9 ° in the vertical (About the author).
Concluding remarks The levels of radiation in laboratory studies are higher than can be found in nature, but most of them referred to the results meet independent effects of temperature (thermal effects). The current legislation makes reference only to the levels of exposure to avoid thermal effects, but not the time exposure, when we know that not only the electric field strength but also the dosage is important, taking into account the cumulative effects mentioned. It is expected that in areas where power density and electric field intensity is higher, within the main lobe and near the antennas, living beings will be more affected by radiation.
conclude the review made the need to reconsider and reduce exposure levels of living and conducting studies that evaluate long-term effects of pulsed microwave radiation that currently exist in our environment, and recommend prudent avoidance (Hyland, 2000; Panagopoulos et al, 2004).
NOTE: Mili Tesla: a unit of magnetic field strength. Corresponds to 0.001 N A-1 m-1 or 0.001 Weber.m-2. Thanks
Center Environmental Information and Documentation provided me with some items. AVAATE lent their support at all times.
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, M. Kitanovic, I., Prolic, Z., Tomisic, I., Stojkovic, B. y Andjelkovic, M. 2001. Effect of a permanent magnetic field on wing size parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. Bioelectromagnetics 22 (5): 365-369.
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Monday, April 11, 2011
Amitriptyline And Trimethoprim Together
scientific world first with EHS in France: The test scans comparing the brains. 23 August 2010 The EHS have the right to live, but in France due to pressure from lobbyists this recognition is absent, so far this inalienable right is not granted. To survive they have no choice, it is therefore legitimate to catch the reins of its future. Ignorance about the concepts of Electromagnetism is the foundation of wisely maintained by pressure groups: natural electromagnetic energy is the cause of creationism theory of life on earth, it is copied in addition to Darwin's theory of evolution. To put it simply, we are all born as humans EHS is completely bioelectromagnetic, all our phones are Electromagnetic trade, we lose this state in our death when these exchanges cease, our EEG becomes flat, the problem: Most of the population is completely ignorant this reality, in other terms the state of EHS is genetic, level of perception (sensitivity) is variable people and the environment. The main factor of disturbance of this state is the new artificial electromagnetic pollution has not been like this before on earth so far, the worst of all is not confined (except microwave ovens) of the radiation of mobile communications is the result of the microwave spectrum of high frequencies. Why artificial electromagnetic frequencies shorter, the contamination is confined to the ... nuclear reactors, but is on another level, who knows? Indeed, when the wavelength is shorter, the energy gained is higher, that is why we have so-called security zones for satellite link (EBTM) and mobile phones. But if the wavelength decreases (ie GHz) microwave radio repeaters for the TM, it generates a strict ban on parking in the beams of radiation, for whatever the distance from the source, including kms: this radiation is deadly within a very short time. Artificial EMF interaction with human metabolism generates bioelectromagnetic conditions reported in The Microwave Syndrome The Microwave Syndrome [UK] Dr. C. Monnet and P. Ruz him with video]. In the scientific literature is Dr. Richard Gauthier who transcribed [scientific record - Sp] the mechanisms of the interactions associated with exposure of artificial electromagnetic fields of high frequency microwaves in the cell membrane proteins that trigger changes in chains, in particular, calcium levels, activation of enzymes and the production of stress proteins. Activate enzymes in the first place, chain reactions, then, if the signal persists, blocked stress lasproteínas different manufacturing within the cell including, for example, the messengers between brain cells called neurotransmitters and, therefore, will become a modification of brain activity. Scientific world first with EHS Saoû forest in France: The test comparative scans of the brains. Why has been chosen Saoû forest? : There is at present in France very few areas or places with poor White Electro Magnetic Radiation (EM) artificial (EHS areas Shelters). These places obviously are primarily natural areas uninhabited by lotanto without assistance for their survival and without resources, have little choice EHS territorial areas of life. Saoû The forest is one of those places where EHS can survive, but to validate this sensitive natural area is uninhabited ongoing experience, not from hacealgunas weeks as one might think because of the current media coverage of the action, but since last January 2010. Is a world first took great courage Felipe, EHS, a member of "Land for the EHS, which has served as guinea pigs, living alone for several months in the hostile environment of winter 2009 - 2010 Saoû Forest. His only contact was the contemplation of Ecoguardias present during the day in the forest of Saou. The presence of Philippe, "The Hermit guinea pig" to his mobile home in Forest Saoû was not dull, in fact was treated medically for ARTAC which includes scientists, as the investigations are directed toward cancer and in this respect a group that is in Pr head to Dominica Belpomme working on Electro Hypersensitivity and a cohort EHS. An Inventory of investigations (*) CEM ARTAC on [Fr], was released on 18 December 2009. * L'ARTAC Philippe was subjected to various traditional medical tests before their stay in the Forest of Saoû, including a brain scanogram the services of the Exploration of the Brain Function Dr. Ph Lebar. Scanogram brain is currently the best of signs of "suffering" brain in people suffering from Electro Hyper Sensitivity. It is a scientific proof of the status of EHS This test gives a picture of arterial supply to areas of the two hemispheres of the brain. The analysis of the results of scans brains are based on comparative standard deviations of reference. On the vertical bar graph, displayed in red and orange properly irrigated areas, in yellow or blue areas suffering from an insufficient flow (vascularity) Diagram 1 EXPLORATION CENTER PARIS BRAIN FUNCTION Diagram 1 represents Philippe scanogram brain EHS before his arrival at Forest Saoû, is found to be outdoors for several years to artificial electromagnetic microwave pollution in a medium city, the state dedebilidad: on this diagram, the values \u200b\u200bof flows of the various areas of both hemispheres of the brain are very upset. Figure 2 CENTER EXPLORATION OF THE BRAIN FUNCTION OF PARIS Diagram 2 represents the brain scanogram Philippe EHS after more than three months in the Forest of Saoû (EM radiation area with very weak artificial), we see a dramatic improvement of cerebral artery flow in both hemispheres of the brain, specific physical consequence: Philippe was no longer in state dedebilitamiento). (Extract from the leaf of medical analysis: The example of the 5 bar (section) corresponding to thalamic capsular area of \u200b\u200bthe right hemisphere where production rose from a low riegoanormalmente a properly irrigated area). This scientific experiment is a test that should open the eyes of health authorities on urgent need to legislate immediately on drastically reducing the thresholds for EM radiation, creating safe havens for EHS in each comunidadautonómica (canton in France) and, in parallel, the establishment of a register airwaves in each municipality in order to enable citizens to know the rates of radiation in areas of habitat. Equally all electronic information panels should contain the French city in the title of the display of the date or integrated temperature probe designed to display the value of the radiation environment, with information crucial for the elderly, pregnant women and all people in a state of weakness (patients) who are in situ. For now, the few areas still preserved artificial electromagnetic pollution are just precious, are the only places where EHS can go in order to improve their health, or even some EHS cloistered, often in a state of extreme weakness, the only place you can still survive. Make public health activities, health authorities replaced by the spread of this document.
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Friday, April 8, 2011
Images For Card Stacking Propaganda
antennas
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Associations of Parents (AMPA) in public schools Plácido Domingo and Tirso de Molina in the Madrid district of Arganzuela, delivered this afternoon at 16.30 pm in the registry of the Tax Agency of the City of Iron Street, some 800 signatures against the installation of antennas near schools, in particular in Larcovi building Onyx Street. As explained
parents, these firms will join the 1,200 collected against the mast of a telephone company in the same building. Even then, families have criticized the "Mayor of Madrid, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardon, the president of the Community, Esperanza Aguirre, and Industry Minister, Miguel Sebastian, put profit before the health industry" of their children.
Before the announcement that two companies intend to install mobile phone antennas a few meters away from schools Plácido Domingo and Tirso de Molina in Arganzuela, associations of parents of such schools and the neighborhood association Planetarium require the same protection against electromagnetic radiation that people in Leganés, Castilla-La Mancha, San Luis (Balearic Islands) Molina de Segura (Murcia).
These localities have reduced radiation to the levels recommended by the independent scientific community and, in some cases, have not install antennas within 200 meters (San Luis) or 300 meters (Málaga, Molina de Segura) of schools.
"There is sufficient evidence that confirms the special vulnerability of children to electromagnetic waves and the need to remove the antennas of schools, as recommended by the European Parliament in its resolution of April 2 2009, "they write.
In a statement, noting that both Aguirre Gallardón as" claim to have no power to regulate the location or emissions of the antennas. In his view, "could be taken if any, as have done by other municipalities and autonomous regions, but have chosen to make way for operators to continue to trample the health of children. "
also criticized the minister of Industry" is deaf to the warnings of the community international scientific and increasingly puts it easier for operators. "They noted that the Ministry has removed controls on exposure levels antennas that are installed inside the offices, houses and subway stations (ITC/749/2010 order).
also point out that during his tenure has not lowered the limit "as permissive" of radiation contained in Royal Decree 1066/2001 on the protection of health against electromagnetic fields. "This is an outdated decree because, among other reasons, was approved to develop a standard already repealed the Telecommunications Act of 1998," they added.
go to general index
Associations of Parents (AMPA) in public schools Plácido Domingo and Tirso de Molina in the Madrid district of Arganzuela, delivered this afternoon at 16.30 pm in the registry of the Tax Agency of the City of Iron Street, some 800 signatures against the installation of antennas near schools, in particular in Larcovi building Onyx Street. As explained parents, these firms will join the 1,200 collected against the mast of a telephone company in the same building. Even then, families have criticized the "Mayor of Madrid, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardon, the president of the Community, Esperanza Aguirre, and Industry Minister, Miguel Sebastian, put profit before the health industry" of their children.
Before the announcement that two companies intend to install mobile phone antennas a few meters away from schools Plácido Domingo and Tirso de Molina in Arganzuela, associations of parents of such schools and the neighborhood association Planetarium require the same protection against electromagnetic radiation that people in Leganés, Castilla-La Mancha, San Luis (Balearic Islands) Molina de Segura (Murcia).
These localities have reduced radiation to the levels recommended by the independent scientific community and, in some cases, have not install antennas within 200 meters (San Luis) or 300 meters (Málaga, Molina de Segura) of schools.
"There is sufficient evidence that confirms the special vulnerability of children to electromagnetic waves and the need to remove the antennas of schools, as recommended by the European Parliament in its resolution of April 2 2009, "they write.
In a statement, noting that both Aguirre Gallardón as" claim to have no power to regulate the location or emissions of the antennas. In his view, "could be taken if any, as have done by other municipalities and autonomous regions, but have chosen to make way for operators to continue to trample the health of children. "
also criticized the minister of Industry" is deaf to the warnings of the community international scientific and increasingly puts it easier for operators. "They noted that the Ministry has removed controls on exposure levels antennas that are installed inside the offices, houses and subway stations (ITC/749/2010 order).
also point out that during his tenure has not lowered the limit "as permissive" of radiation contained in Royal Decree 1066/2001 on the protection of health against electromagnetic fields. "This is an outdated decree because, among other reasons, was approved to develop a standard already repealed the Telecommunications Act of 1998," they added.
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